- The magma thunder (Thunderbolt) interface docking stations t
Even the most powerful superhero also need a partner!
On June 10, 2013, at the WWDC Apple worldwide developers conference a new generation of Apple workstations (Apple Mac pro), the new Mac pro appearance completely subverts the traditional design of Mac pro, the body is cylindrical, the appearance of black with capable of simple lines. New Mac Pro volume is only about 1/8 of the old product, and the performance is many times more powerful. 12 Haswell core processor, the whole SSD solid-state drives, 2 interface, Thunderbolt, new Mac Pro 2013 for apple in the top in the industry once again.
A new generation of apple's Mac Pro
Cylindrical design
The latest Intel Xeon processor
Double integration AMD FirePro graphics
The latest PCIe based flash memory storage
All external expansion through six second-generation lightning port
New Mac Pro will can't insert any boards, all boards extension to need through external Thunderbolt 2 interface to extend, thunder and lightning and magma company (Thunderbolt) interface docking station can fully support, a docking station can be extended out of one or three PCIe slots, still can let you of the PCIe equipment used in high performance of Mac Pro.
Will be introduced to the PCIe slots in apple 2013 workstations, in order to better use the PCIe card in working process, and other specialized hardware, now more challenging than ever before. Magma of Thunderbolt ™ PCIe expansion casing is one of the key parts, on the new apple products, users can make full use of GPU performance, but also can protect the PCIe card installed on the machine specially.
Magma single slot docking stations and 3 slot docking station can make professional PCIe card installed on any equipped with lightning interface equipped with computers, support the next generation of PCIe high-speed connection. The current single slot and 3 slot docking stations product design will make upgrade lightning interface is an easy thing. Very glad our lightning extend product provides a lightning interface extension to the PCIe complex and sophisticated solutions. Attention please!
Magma team has been trying to cooperate with thunder and lightning, to ensure that our PCIe extend product compatibility. Therefore, Magma lightning PCIe extension products will provide a cost-effective choice, from a generation of apple products to the new design of apple's 2013 workstations, a smooth transition.
Thunder and lightning Magma PCIe docking stations
Protect you to install the PCIe CARDS
A smooth transition to the Mac Pro
Easy to upgrade to the second generation of lightning interface
The highest ability to scale
Compatible with most popular PCIe card
Magma is for any configuration of the classic technology to new technology with the expansion of the revolutionary products of history. Committed to providing high quality, expanding rock-solid solutions, to meet the needs of customers and the magma would be glad to participate in the evolution of a new generation of apple's Mac Pro products.
PengXiang as magma company of science and technology of China general agent, has been batch spot supply Thunderbolt ports PCIe docking stations (including single slot and three slot two product), welcome to buy!
- The physical acoustics company acoustic emission sensor sele
The physical acoustics company original acoustic emission sensors, the delivery date is 25 to 35 days, generally within 28 days for delivery.
Since July 1, 2010, Beijing PengXiang technology co., LTD., to domestic customers with double preferential policies:
1) single purchase discount: a single purchase quantity (sensor and amplifier can be) five only can discount 2%, single full 10 preferential only 4%, and so on, the single most preferential 16% (i.e. a single order number 40 or more, both 16%).
2) the total purchase discount: within one year (12 months), the cumulative customers buy 10 full sensor can be in a single purchase preferential price down by 1%, again on the basis of the cumulative purchase full 20 users in a single discount basis, then down 2%, respectively, in 100 in a year to buy sensor only users, can be in a single purchase discount 16%, on the basis of the total price 10% discount, New Year's (such as buying in 2010 for the first time on July 5, last purchase on July 5, 2011, are included in the total amount. But after July 6, 2011, and purchase is no longer in front of the accumulative total quantity, but to start a new cumulative) is not cumulative.
Note: the above offer is limited to users of an ordinary invoice, need to issue 17% VAT invoices user preferential quota of the other.
The physical acoustics corporation (PAC) original acoustic emission sensor (partial) model details
Basic parameters model
A3 30KHZ RES., ACCEL.,MICRODOT, SINGLE-ENDED
AGM-WC-0 EMBEDDED COOLANT FITTING SENSOR WITH 4 FEET CABLE WITH 0 DEGREE WATER PATH
AGM-WC-90 EMBEDDED COOLANT FITTING SENSOR WITH 4 FEET CABLE WITH 90 DEGREE WATER PATH
AM2 20 KHz airborne sensor
AM4 40 KHz airborne sensor
AM2I 20 KHz integral preamplifier 40 dB gain airborne sensor
AM4I 40 KHz integral preamplifier 40 dB gain airborne sensor
CH6I 60 kHz Resonance freq., 40 dB integrated preamp
CH15I 150 kHz Resonance freq., 40 dB integrated preamplifier with AST
CH30I 300 kHz Resonance freq., 40 dB integrated preamp
D9202B SENSOR, 650KHZ, DIFF, W/INT CABLE
D9203B SENSOR, 175KHZ, DIFF, W/INT CABL
D9203C SENSOR, 175KHZ, DIFF, W/INT CABLE
D9203-IS SENSOR, 175KHZ, DIFF, I.S.
D9204 SENSOR, W/B, DIFF, W/INT CABLE
D9215 High temperature (1000 F) differential sensor with 2 feet hard line cable and 23 feet soft line cable (See S9215-HLC and S9215-SLC in the “Cable” sheet for different lengthes of the hardline and soft line cable)
D9215A-LPME D9215A-LPME Radiation resistant and high temperature sensor with one meter hardline cable and one meter Tefzel cable.
D9215-EPA-Nuclear HIGH TEMP.1000F DIFF W/2′HD&23′SFT, EPA Nuclear Special
D9235 HIGH SENS.,260C DIFF. DE W/INT.CABL
D9240 UNIDIRECTIONAL SENSOR W/DIFF SIDE C
D9241A SENSOR, DIFF, 30KHZ W/CABLE
D9241-IS SENSOR-LOW FREQ. INTR.SAFE/FLUID LE
DT15I INTEGRAL SENSOR, 150KHZ (HF) 40DB
DT6I SENSOR, AST, 60KHZ, S-E, W-PREAMP
DT-9202B SENSOR, 450 KHZ (HF)
HD15 SENSOR, UMINI W/MOLEX CONN
HD15SS ULTRA MINI SENSOR 150KHZ STAINLESS
HD2-WD 2MHZ HIGH FREQ. WIDEBAND SENSOR
HD30SS SENSOR, MINI, SE, W/INTEGRAL TOP CA
HD50 SENSOR,UMINI, S-E, W/INTTOP 7″ WHT
HD50SS MINI STAINLESS STEEL SE W/INTRG CA
HF-15I SENSOR, 150KHZ INTEGRAL,HIGH FREQUE
ISR-0.45 Intrinsically safe 7.5 KHz sensor with 2 meter cable
ISR-1.5 Intrinsically safe 15 KHz sensor with 2 meter cable
ISR-3 Intrinsically safe 30 KHz sensor with 2 meter cable
ISR-6 Intrinsically safe 60 KHz sensor with 2 meter cable
ISR-15 Intrinsically safe 150 KHz sensor with 2 meter cable
ISR-30 Intrinsically safe 300 KHz sensor with 2 meter cable
ISR-50 Intrinsically safe 500 KHz sensor with 2 meter cable
IS-WD Intrinsically safe wideband sensor with 2 meter cable
IS-9203B Single ended Intrinsically safe high frequency sensor with 1 meter cable to be used with Valve Squeak
ISD-9203B Intrinsically safe high frequency sensor with 2 meter cable
ISPK3I Intrinsicall safe Low Power Sensor, 30 kHz with Integral Preamplifier, AST and SMA Connector to be connected to 1281 connected through 1234-4001-xxx cable where xxx is the cable length up to 100 meters.
ISPK6I Intrinsicall safe Low Power Sensor, 60 kHz with Integral Preamplifier, AST and SMA Connector to be connected to 1281 connected through 1234-4001-xxx cable where xxx is the cable length up to 100 meters.
ISPK15I Intrinsicall safe Low Power Sensor, 150 kHz with Integral Preamplifier, AST and SMA Connector to be connected to 1281 connected through 1234-4001-xxx cable where xxx is the cable length up to 100 meters.
ISPK30I Intrinsicall safe Low Power Sensor, 300 kHz with Integral Preamplifier, AST and SMA Connector to be connected to 1281 connected through 1234-4001-xxx cable where xxx is the cable length up to 100 meters.
ISPKWI Intrinsicall safe Low Power Sensor, wideband (100 – 1000 kHz) with Integral Preamplifier, AST and SMA Connector to be connected to 1281 connected through 1234-4001-xxx cable where xxx is the cable length up to 100 meters.
ISPK3I-UC Underwater 30 KHz intrinsicall safe low power integral preamplifier sensor with AST and BNC Connector to be connected to 1281 through Underwater cable. Specify cable length in meters.
ISPK6I-UC Underwater 60 KHz intrinsicall safe low power integral preamplifier sensor with AST and BNC Connector to be connected to 1281 through underwater cable. Specify cable length in meters.
ISPK15I-UC Underwater 150 KHz intrinsicall safe low power integral preamplifier sensor with AST and BNC Connector to be connected to 1281 through underwater cable. Specify cable length in meters.
ISPK30I-UC Underwater 300 KHz intrinsicall safe low power integral preamplifier sensor with AST and BNC Connector to be connected to 1281 through underwater cable. Specify cable length in meters.
ISPKWI-UC Underwater wideband intrinsicall safe low power integral preamplifier sensor with AST and BNC Connector to be connected to 1281 through underwater cable. Specify cable length in meters.
LNI-150 150 KHz low noise integral preamplifier differential sensor
MICRO 30/C 300KHZ RES., MINIATURE SE W/1232-1
MICRO-100 SENSOR, MINI, S-E, 1MHZ
MICRO100D SENSOR,MINIATURE,DIFF.1000KHZ W/1M
MICRO-100D SENSOR, MINI, DIFF W/INT CABLE
MICRO100DS SENSOR,1000KHZ W/14″FLEXI CABLE LEA
MICRO100S SENSOR,MINIATURE,SE,1000KHZ W/1M CA
MICRO-200-HF SENSOR,MINI 2.5MHZ BNC W/12″ CABLE
MICRO-30 300KHZ RES.,MINIATURE, SE
MICRO-30D 300KHZ RES.,MINIATURE DIFF. W/1M CA
MICRO-30S 300KHZ RES.,W/1M INTEGRAL SE CABLE
MICRO-50 SENSOR, MINI, S-E, 500KHZ
MICRO-50D SENSOR, MINI, DIFF, 500KHZ, W/CAB
MICRO-50S SENSOR, MINI, S-E, 500KHZ, W/CAB
MICRO-80 SENSOR, MINI,SE, 800KHZ
MICRO80/C MINI SENSOR, SE 800KHZ W/1232-1 CAB
MICRO-80D 800KHZ RES., MINIATURE DIFF. W/1M C
MICRO80DS SENSOR,MINI,800KHZ,DIFF.W/1M FLEXI
MICRO-80S SENSOR, MINI, SE, W/INT CABLE
MINI-30S 300KHZ, INTEGRAL CABLE,GLUEABLE SEN
NANO-30 300KHZ RES.INDUST.MINI SENSOR W/1M
PICO ULTRA-MINI WB SENSOR W/1M FLEXI CAB
PICO-HF1.2 HIGH FREQ.PICO SENSOR W/1.2MHZ
PICO-HF1.5 SENSOR, UMINI, S-E, W/INT CABLE
PK3I Low Power Sensor, 30 kHz with Integral Preamp and SMA Connector for Pocket AE & Sensor
- Japan's Fuji piezoelectric ceramic element customization of
Q: Japan's Fuji ceramic piezoelectric ceramic element can provide non-standard custom?
A: yes, of course, Japan Fuji ceramics from the company was founded in 1975 until now, has always been to provide non-standard custom of piezoelectric ceramic element.
Q: non-standard custom any limit on the number?
A: there is no limit to the minimum number of, if you only need A, Fuji ceramics can also be customized for you. But the more the lower the price, because 1 and 1000 pieces of the production process is the same.
Q: can you give me a rough idea price of piezoelectric ceramic chip?
A: I'm sorry, but we can't give appraisal for non-standard products. You need to submit detailed product demand information, and then Fuji will accounting out the price to you within a week, accounting and production as well as the tests are conducted in Japan.
Q: I've got the Japanese accounting out price list, but far more costly than domestic.
A: yes, when your quantity is small, the price will be more expensive than homebred ceramic chip A lot, but when the quantity is larger, basic close to domestic prices. And you also need to do the comparison of quality, and don't just focus on the price.
Q: Fuji can customize the PZT - 5 materials of piezoelectric ceramic pieces?
A: I'm sorry, PZT - 5 is the number of piezoelectric ceramic materials, and A variety of materials, Fuji has the following three PZT, we do not know - 5 corresponding Fuji number is what kind of material. You can refer to the piezoelectric ceramic materials properties list to according to the Fuji material code to choose.
13 C - C - 2 - C - 21 C - 22 23 C - C - 3-4 C
C - 201 - C - 202 - C - 203 - C - 203 - p - 204 - C - 204 - C - 204 C
C - 5 - C - 6 C - h - C - 62 - C - 63 - C - 64 - C - 64
C - 7-8 C - C - 82 - C - 83 - h C - 9 - C - 91 - C - 91 - h C - 92 - C - 92 - h
Q: non-standard custom need to provide what information, which parameters need to offer?
A: according to the requirement of the Fuji, you need to provide the company name and address, also need to provide the following parameters:
1, shape, size, when have strict request for dimensional accuracy, please let us know the tolerance, best can provide drawings show complicated shape;
Thickness of 2, frequency, and sometimes will decide frequency;
3, material code, please refer to the piezoelectric ceramic materials properties list;
(if you are on the table when the data can't understand, please tell us your detailed usage and usage, we will choose the right material for you)
4, two electrodes are respectively in the two sides on the same side, that is, Both side or Feed back;
5, number, including the number and expected future tests need to batch, batch to a large extent determines the price of the product.
6, the other you pay special attention to and the parameters of the annotation.
The above information must be accurate, do not use "height measurement and weight" and other such ambiguous words, in order to reduce repeatedly confirmed time.
Q: piezoelectric ceramic pieces of non-standard customized delivery time?
A: Fuji ceramics is A zero inventory according to single production system, the delivery date if there is no special instructions are generally 6 ~ 8 weeks.
Q: can your company have samples similar to my needs? Please make a couple of free of charge?
A: Fuji ceramics is A zero inventory according to single production system, we do not generally retained samples. And Fuji if for you to customize the type of piezoelectric ceramic piece, after will no longer offer A type of plate for other manufacturers, unless other manufacturer can provide and type A identical parameters requirements. Such great protection for your design ideas and intellectual property. Samples need to pay for.
Q: Fuji ceramics in China can have a successful example of piezoelectric ceramic custom?
A: yes, at present Fuji ceramics in China has been to changchun faw, big companies such as MOTOROLA, Siemens, omron batch provide custom of piezoelectric ceramics.
Q: I have been in other factory custom piezoelectric ceramic, but the parameters of every batch of products have bigger difference, can you tell me whether the ceramic piece of each batch of products of Fuji has a similar phenomenon?
A: Fuji ceramic can ensure that each batch of product difference or no difference between control within the scope of the contract. This is the difference between product quality consistency, so when the custom don't just compare the price, but also to see the product consistency and stability, and reliability. According to user feedback, Fuji of ceramic chip on consistency, temperature stability, reliability, have obvious advantages.
- How to verify the acoustic emission instrument of technical
The bad influences of TV shopping seep nondestructive testing instrument manufacturing industry, as the user when buying instruments not only should pay attention to the discretion of the technical indicators, also to be the time when the acceptance index of authentication and verification, confirm technical indicators.
Q: as a user in acoustic emission instrument main need to verify what indicators when acceptance?
A: acoustic emission instrument main hardware indicators are: AD sampling rate per channel, AD sampling precision, minimum threshold noise dB value, system data pass rate, channel segregation degree, the accuracy and repeatability of the characteristic parameters, power consumption calorific value and so on. Software metrics is primarily a function of the completeness, procedural standard and stability.
Q: how to verify the AD sampling rate and sample precision of acoustic emission instrument?
A: simple method from the acquisition card (or terminal) saw AD chips on PCB board type, if it is Analog Devices (ADI) chip can query on http://www.analog.com/zh/analog-to-digital-converters/ad-converters/products/index.html. General formal manufacturers won't be polished away AD conversion chip type, unless it is a virtual standard indicators.
Q: I have the acoustic emission of acquisition card (or terminal) AD modulus conversion chip has been polished off, so how to validate sampling precision index?
A: when the AD modulus conversion chip model was polished away, is likely to manufacturer claim index is inflated. But the vast majority of acoustic emission software provides an open data formats, some still provides the AD value directly, or at least provide the voltage waveform.
You can enter A full range of sine wave, if the full scale range is + - 10 v or 20000 mV, so for 16 bit A/D (step 65536), each step is 0.305 mV or 1 mV of the change of the sine wave, it has A 3.2768 step by step. However, for 18 resolution (step 262144), each step is 0.0729 mV or the change of 1 mV, it has a 13.107 step by step. So, if you reduced from 10 volts to 9.99 v, you will see the original A/D data changes to 32 step (16) or 130 data step (18).
The following is the ADI company for chip after polishing accuracy of how to distinguish between 16 and 18 technology official reply of the original:
There is no easy way to check the A/D bit. But if you can get directly digitized signal before multiplying the scale, you should be able to see the number of A/D steps in the same voltage change. Actually, you can check the A/D resolution from a full range sine waveform input by setting the acquisition rate to be the highest, and the sine waveform frequency to be the lowest. So, the resolution can be identified from the numerical data around the sine waveform peak before the scaling. For example, if the full scale range is +- 10 Volts or 20000 mV. For 16 bit A/D (65536 steps), each step is 0.305 mV or for 1 mV change in the sine wave input, it has 3.2768 steps. However, for 18 bit resolution (262144 steps), each step is 0.0729 mV or 1 mV change is 13.107 steps. So, if you reduce the voltage from 10 V to 9.99 V, you’ll see the original A/D data change 32 for 16 bit and about 130 for 18 bit data (note for 18 bit resolution, the waveform is still saved in 2 bytes or 16 bits).
Q: for AD modulus conversion chip has been polished off the instrument, whether simple methods validation sampling precision index?
A: if I can get the waveform data sampling, can use our development PXAES software A plugin (plus_ad - resolution) to determine the real AD sampling precision, the premise is you need to get TXT or ASII format of waveform data.
Q: I buy the instruments that AD precision index is 16, but the way of the AD value of step is 4096, then prove that the polished away models of AD chip is 12, may be what type of chip?
A: yes, 4096 step can confirm what is the accuracy of 12 AD chip. Specific models also need according to the chip manufacturers and to determine the sampling rate, the AD company is relatively commonly used 12 adc chip has AD9220 series, the series include: AD9221, AD9223 and AD9220, these three chip all use the same interface options, encapsulation and pins. Therefore, this series of products can be according to the performance, the sampling rate and power consumption, up or down to choose device type. These devices and power rating of the sampling rate each are not identical, reflect on their dynamic performance based on frequency.
Flexible sampling rate: 1.5 you, 3.0 installed base and 10
Low power consumption: 59 mW, 100 mW and 250 mW
+ 5 V single power supply
Integral nonlinear error: 0.5 LSB
Differential nonlinear error: 0.3 LSB
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) : 70 dB;
No stray dynamic range (SFDR) : 86 dB
Super range scale SOIC and 28 28 pin pin SSOP package
Attachment: AD9220 chip data, please make your own reference.
Q: for acoustic emission characteristic parameter accuracy how can we measure?
A: we can provide acoustic emission instrument calibration, USES is the electronic simulation of acoustic emission source, can target acquisition card (or terminal) to check the following items:
1, the range of the different frequency calibration.
2, the different frequency when the rise time and duration of the calibration.
3, different frequency of energy calibration.
4, the ability to resist interference checking between different channels.
5, check system positioning accuracy.
6, the system in the open and closed circuit (put) before connecting the sensor with the minimum threshold checking.
7, system running stability check for a long time
Q: how the function of the software system should be the inspection acceptance?
A: software system acceptance up more troublesome, but at least the software system should have the standard Windows installation steps, has good compatibility and stability, and have the detailed documentation. And all the function of the standard should not mathematical tools to implement with the help of a third party.
- Acoustic emission sensor is frequently asked questions FAQ
Q1001: PXR series acoustic emission sensor models represent what meaning?
A: PXR series acoustic emission sensor is composed of letters PXR + two Numbers, letters in front of PXR represents the Peng Xiang Resonance sensor, the latter two digit represents the resonant frequency (10 KHZ unit), such as PXR15 is the sensor Resonance frequency is 150 KHZ, PXR03 is sensor Resonance frequency of 30 KHZ.
Q1002: PXR series acoustic emission sensors compared to other domestic sensors have what advantage?
A: PXR series acoustic emission sensor and other domestic sensor of the biggest difference is that PXR full range sensor adopts Japan Fuji ceramics co., LTD of piezoelectric sensor, in terms of sensitivity, consistency, reliability, stability, domestic sensor is much better than others. In the acoustic emission system, acoustic emission sensor accounts for only a few, but a part of it is also important. The consistency of the sensor is bad will directly affect the positioning accuracy of acoustic emission system.
Q1003: these advantages of PXR acoustic emission sensor features manifested through simple test?
A: for consistency and stability of the temperature sensitivity of sensors, the user can compare our own testing. Besides being measured more than sensor, only need to: 1, one digital oscilloscope, the signal generator 1 activity 1 steel plate, a pencil and a small amount of HB pencil lead, 1 ultrasonic coupling agent and a hair dryer.
Conformance testing: the two sensor surface with coupling agent, installed on the steel plate, received two channel oscilloscope at the same time, and then from two sensors fault lead to calibrate equidistance place, and then observe the oscilloscope waveform display are consistent. Waveform is the sensor consistency they consistently. To facilitate the observation, it is recommended to use tektronix digital storage oscilloscope with USB interface.
Temperature stability test: the two sensor surface with coupling agent, installed on the steel plate, received two channel oscilloscope at the same time, and then a third sensor installed on the steel plate equidistant from the two sensors, and received signal generator as signal source, then use hair dryer on the two sensors uniformly heated to 80 degrees, at the same time observe the oscilloscope waveform is changing. Waveform does not change, it shows that the temperature of the sensor has good stability.
Q1004: PXR acoustic emission sensors and other manufacturers of preamplifier or acoustic emission instrument compatible?
A: most of the acoustic emission instrument on the market of the sensor and preamplifier is compatible, PXR acoustic emission sensor is compatible with the United States and Germany acoustic emission instrument. PXR acoustic emission sensors have, in fact, many times to use in the United States imports of acoustic emission instrument, such as taizhou pan 32 channels that acoustic emission instrument, just use the 32 PXR15 sensor and PXPAII preamplifier. This also proves the good quality of PXR sensor and compatibility.
Q1005: how PXR acoustic emission sensor calibration, the calibration curve can you offer?
A: PXR acoustic emission sensor is based on ASTM E976-00 and ASTM E1781-98 standard for calibration, the company has the original ae sensor calibration system (domestic only two sets, another in Beijing institute of technology), we can provide each sensor calibration curve.
- The category of acoustic emission and acoustic emission inst
The types of acoustic emission instrument
There are multiple classification method of acoustic emission instrument, can generally be according to the number of channels, characteristics of instrument circuit, signal collection and analysis technology, data transmission bus type, general or special the five kinds of methods to distinguish.
A, according to the collected signal channel number how to points, can be divided into single channel and multi-channel.
Single channel acoustic emission instrument only one channel, mainly used for the detection of single point or small areas, monitoring, etc., generally unable to complete the source location of the location. 2 channels or more of the acoustic emission instrument called a multi-channel acoustic emission instrument. The former can complete the detection and monitoring of large area, can complete the acoustic emission signal source in the area of the linear positioning; 3 channel acoustic emission instrument, besides can complete the above function can also be completed of acoustic emission signal source in the area of triangle area and linear positioning; More than three can complete a larger area of signal detection, monitoring and the acoustic emission signal source in the area of a variety of positioning of the algorithm. Instrument factory are generally based on the analysis of the localization algorithm, display software, to a specific shape of the spherical and cylindrical devices, some manufacturers developed a more intuitive positioning analysis software.
Choose buy a single channel or multiple channels, or specific how many channels, need to undertake choosing according to specific needs. Consideration: material of the equipment under test (impact frequency, sound velocity and attenuation), maximum geometry size and geometry of the device under test, need the positioning of the type, etc. Geometry, material attenuation, shape, special inspection application need to channel number is much, whereas less. Generally in the steel, the acoustic emission signal can be received within 5 m range, more than the length should consider to increase the channel number. And narrow equipment, such as the long tube trailer need to consider the location of the type, generally using line location can reduce the required channel number.
Second, according to the instrument circuit characteristics, which is mainly composed of analog circuits can be divided into analog and acoustic emission instrument is given priority to with the digital circuit digital circuit type of acoustic emission instrument (commonly known as digital acoustic emission instrument).
Analog acoustic emission instrument putting-in-service proactively a long history, technology is relatively mature, instrument is relatively stable and reliable, simple operating software, easy to learn, etc. But there is a large temperature drift, these instruments are vulnerable to interference, power consumption, large weight, larger volume and other shortcomings. Digital instruments generally USES CPLD, FPGA and DSP technology, due to the analog circuit is less so its overall small volume, light weight, low power consumption, small temperature drift effect. However, due to the processing of the digital acoustic emission instrument software stack for many functions, powerful; But learning is relatively difficult, for the engineering detection has a lot of trouble. In addition, this kind of equipment putting-in-service proactively relatively short history, the reliability, stability and so on to pay more attention, with many new technologies, processes is not good but easy to a problem.
Need to stress is that no real sense of full digital acoustic emission instrument. Because of the natural world is continuous signal (macro), so, even if the ideal situation is the sensor to the signal directly to analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), also need to analog circuits (ADC itself should be classified as analog circuits); While after sensor preamplifier, also a signal conditioning circuit, etc., so impossible is fully digital instrument. And a general sense of full digital acoustic emission instrument refers to its besides ADC and signal conditioning circuit, there will be no other impact parameters and waveform of analog circuit!
At present except for a few special acoustic emission instrument (such as Japanese AE - type 1 tool breakage acoustic emission monitoring), most of the digital acoustic emission instrument.
Third, according to the signal collection and analysis techniques to points, can be divided into parameters type acoustic emission instrument, - waveform composite acoustic emission instrument and full waveform acoustic emission instrument.
These three instruments are digital acoustic emission instrument,
Parameter type acoustic emission instrument is currently the most widely use scope, the application for the longest acoustic emission instrument, the analytical method is accepted by most people in the industry, more mature analysis method, the operation is simple, most of the multi-channel acoustic emission instrument is the instrument. Parameters of acoustic emission instrument is to point to in the circuit of signal processing channel, by means of analog or digital circuit will deal directly with the acoustic emission signal parameter data with a certain meaning, and then sent to the computer display, analysis, processing and preservation of the instrument. This instrument generally need to set the threshold (threshold), HDT defined time (impact), some need to set the gain, PDT, HLT, etc. As the parameter data quantity is little, so the acoustic emission signal real-time response ability, small data traffic, display, analysis of the computer, data storage, such as low ability request, the general computer all can meet the requirements, regardless of the PCI bus and ISA bus, at the same time, the parameters of the instrument is relatively low risk of loss of signal. Due to the circuit parameter data generated directly, cannot pass waveform, so lost more effective information. But in terms of general testing engineering, parameter acquisition can satisfy most application, and if the acoustic emission signal analysis and application research on the parameters of the instrument have some limitations.
In the 90 s, started to give priority to with parameters, the parameters of the waveform is complementary - waveform composite acoustic emission instrument, acoustic emission waveform parameter instrument provides ever cannot offer more abundant information. But due to the limitation of technology, cannot get all the waveform, or as a result of the limitation of bus bandwidth lost during transmission part of the waveform, and part of the waveform can only as a reference.
After entering the 21st century, the rapid increase of computer operation speed, in view of past data computing power is no longer the bottleneck of the computer, so full waveform acoustic emission began to rapid development. Characteristics, all frequencies can be achieved full waveform of acoustic emission, at the same time in order to give attention to two or morethings traditional classical parameters of signal analysis method, real-time noise emission characteristic parameters extracted from the waveform.
The form of digital full waveform acoustic emission instrument, with three elements, sampling rate, signal frequency bandwidth and data transmission rate. We usually refer to the frequency of the acoustic emission signal, generally between 1 KHZ ~ 2 MHZ, so according to the Shannon sampling theorem, the acoustic emission signal acquisition card to at least 4 m per channel sampling frequency, and the acquisition card of the signal frequency range shall cover 1 KHZ ~ 2 MHZ range, at the same time due to a large number of acoustic emission signals in multi-channel system data needs to be transmitted through computer bus, general in order to avoid the loss of the waveform mostly USES the PCI bus of computer internal communication. With most current computer support 32-bit, 33 MPS of PCI bus, for example, its data transfer rate of 132 MB/S theory of one of the biggest (bytes/second), the actual computer system design level, computer operating system driven by the real-time operating system, mining software design level, the influence of the system time delay the introduction of other software and so on, generally up to 100 MB/S is actually can see almost the highest acquisition speed. External interface such as usb bus bandwidth limitations (even if the USB2.0 interface and only 480 MBPS, transmission rate, namely, 60 MB/s (1 byte = 8 bit)) and clock delay factors such as limit, often can only be used in the small number of channels or multi-channel full waveform instruments - part of the waveform of the instruments in the system. Of course, see will break the deadlock. But for now, the popularity of start technology still needs a few years time.
In the midst of this, there are also parameters extraction of full waveform systems, is characterized by the hardware to extract the characteristic parameters of the channel number is greater than 32 channel than software generated when the parameters of the instrument has a slight advantage in the parameter generating speed.
Four, according to the instrument data transmission bus type, generally divided into the ISA, USB, PCI this three kinds of acoustic emission instrument bus.
ISA bus has been eliminated, the mainstream is PCI bus, the data transfer rate of 132 MB/S biggest theory, than USB2.0 60 MB/S to more than double. So in multichannel digital full waveform acoustic emission instrument can only see the instrument of PCI bus, or a few channels of USB2.0 system, but often the channel number are below 8 channels. Channel number more than eight, USB acoustic emission instrument will inevitably lose a large number of acoustic emission wave, and can transmit acoustic emission characteristics parameters.
And can see clearly that the USB bus in the following picture compared with PCI bus transmission bandwidth and the reason for the delay response.
PCI bus speed: 1.064 billion m bit/SEC/SEC (133 million bytes)
USB bus speed: 480 million m bit/SEC/SEC (60 million bytes)
PCI bus acoustic emission system is CPU time, and using direct data storage (DMA) technology and the RAM data directly into the hard disk.
USB bus acoustic emission system cannot use DMA technology to save data. The data storage must be CPU time, have longer data path, need through the CPU and multiple components to the data in the hard disk.
Below the blue arrows represent data flow direction.
But as an external USB interface bus standard, is one of the biggest advantage is easy to use support hot plug. USB is a kind of pursuit of mobile portable forced solution, is not a kind of pursuit of external quality plan. For acoustic emission system on the portable, acoustic emission PCI card can be inserted into the PCI docking stations and barge received laptop notebook acoustic emission instrument.
Five, according to the generality of instrument, acoustic emission system can be divided into general and special acoustic emission system.
General acoustic emission instrument has a wide range of frequencies, can match different sensors to detect different material and structure, implement different research direction. And special instruments generally in view of the special purpose to design a specific, targeted strong, small volume, price, strong practicability, etc. Such as PXAE series of rock acoustic emission instrument for acoustic emission phenomenon of instability of rock mass structure monitoring and early warning, using the actual effect is obvious, but can only apply to all kinds of mines, water conservancy and hydropower, underground storage stability monitoring and other fields, for mining, roof, pillar, rock mass and the slope stability, bank, security monitoring, etc. And cannot be used in metal structure safety assessment.
- Acoustic emission preamplifier related questions and answers
Q1101, PXPA series acoustic emission preamplifier what type? What's the difference?
A preamplifier, PXPA series acoustic emission have PXPAI, PXPAII, PXPAIII, PXPAIV four types, and the gain is 40 db, volume and weight also basic approach, the main difference is that the inside of the filter bandwidth is not the same. Including PXPAIV preamplifier used the power of the input and output signal separation design, convenient for the customer from acoustic emission instrument to use alone.
Q1102, PXPA series acoustic emission preamplifier using interface?
A, PXPAIV acoustic emission of the preamplifier input USES A standard BNC Q9 interface, the output terminal for double core BNC interface (double core power input and output signal, respectively). PXPA series of other types of preamplifier input and output are based on standard BNC Q9 coaxial interface.
Q1103, PXPA series and PXPB series acoustic emission preamplifier what's the difference?
A, PXPB series acoustic emission preamplifier is modified on the basis of PXPA series of new products, A double reduction in volume, and lower noise.
Preamplifier how to use Q1104, acoustic emission, need power supply?
A, acoustic emission provide low noise preamplifier need external 24 ~ 28 v dc power supply, and most of the acoustic emission collection and analysis system can provide 28 v excitation power supply to the front, so acoustic emission sensor and preamplifier generally can be used directly in the existing acoustic emission detection system. Connection diagram is as follows:
Q1105, I don't have the acoustic emission instrument, how to use acoustic emission sensor and preamplifier to use oscilloscope to observe the acoustic emission signal?
A, our PXPAIV preamplifier is designed for such applications, the power input and output signal separation, you only need to access sensors and 24 ~ 28 v dc power supply, with no need for acoustic emission instrument, the output terminal connected to an oscilloscope can observe the acoustic emission signal.
Q1106, I have already bought PXPAII acoustic emission preamplifier, how can you alone?
Type A, as A result of PXPAII ae preamplifier is the power input and output signals of the collinear, that is the large acoustic emission signal is loaded on dc power supply, you need to do A first order high-pass filter, circuit principle as shown in the figure below:
One of the 50 ohm resistance for impedance matching, Fc as the low end of the cut-off frequency, resistance and capacitance of a formula to calculate the specific values can refer to figure.
Q1107, the circuit above, if you have any requirements about dc power supply?
A constant current source, recommend the use of low noise, basic requirement is: the power supply voltage of 28 v, shall not exceed the highest 32 v, shall not be less than 22 v, lowest power supply noise best control within 3 mv. Don't use a switch power supply, in order to avoid the interference of power supply ripple on the acoustic emission signal.
Q1108, PXPA series of preamplifier filter can adjust the upper and lower frequency?
A, PXPA series preamplifier in interior design without source filter, filter band has cured at factory, the user cannot modify themselves. If you need again for signal filtering, you can use PXASC single channel acoustic emission signal conditioning device.
Q1109, PXPA series preamplifier can be adsorbed on the surface pressure vessel?
A, you can, please make this clear when you order it, we will provide you with magnetic adsorption device.
Q1110, PXPA preamplifier and Fuji acoustic emission sensors are used together?
A, can, PXPA series preamplifier compatible with Germany and other international well-known brands in the United States of the acoustic emission instrument and sensor. But need to pay attention to, if the sensors in the internal integration amplifier, so it can't barge by preamplifier is used.
Q1111, due to the limitation of space, I need a very small volume of preamplifier, can recommend?
A, you can type adopts Japan Fuji A2102 preamplifier, the view is A low noise amplifier appearance of signal lines, in fact within the signal lines have integrated the preamplifier. The greatest degree to avoid the acoustic emission signal attenuation in the transmission loss.
Q1112, in ceramic non-metallic materials, such as testing, I need a very low noise amplifier, should choose what type?
A, you can use Japan's Fuji R - CAST acoustic emission sensor system, the system is Fuji ceramics co., LTD and the university of Tokyo apex at the institute for science and technology research and development for small damage acoustic emission signal detection device. Special amplifier system using field effect tubes for acoustic emission sensor output signal is amplified, about 55 db higher than conventional way of sensor detection sensitivity. Like ceramic, concrete, rock, nonmetal brittleness material, such as composite materials with conventional detection methods for metal materials is very difficult to detect the damage of the acoustic emission signal, but the R - CAST crack can be detected even a few microns.
R - CAST in the system can use special M204A and M304A acoustic emission sensors, can also will not have a built-in amplifier sensors connected to A2102 built-in amplifier signal lines to access to the A1002 type R - CAST to use in the amplifier.
- System solutions
Before we provide acoustic emission system solutions for you, hope you can provide the following information:
All you need to test the material, which determines the frequency of the sensor and acoustic emission card's sampling rate;
Detect the shape of the object size, it is closely related to the number of channels;
All you need to get test results, we come to you to choose different function of the software package;
You are used in indoor or outdoor use, we can choose different types of acoustic emission workstation for you;
Selection of sensor, amplifier and other accessories
Please provide the required test materials, as well as the surface area of the sensor installation location;
The gain of the amplifier and frequency bandwidth;
Whether cooperate with existing ae card to use, or received general data acquisition system;
Other acoustic emission technology questions
We're willing to solve all technical problems for you, at the same time at the "technology and application" section of the website is common in application of acoustic emission is introduced in detail, and maintain a weekly update frequency, welcome to browse.
- Pre-sales consulting
System solutions
Before we provide acoustic emission system solutions for you, hope you can provide the following information:
All you need to test the material, which determines the frequency of the sensor and acoustic emission card's sampling rate;
Detect the shape of the object size, it is closely related to the number of channels;
All you need to get test results, we come to you to choose different function of the software package;
You are used in indoor or outdoor use, we can choose different types of acoustic emission workstation for you;
Selection of sensor, amplifier and other accessories
Please provide the required test materials, as well as the surface area of the sensor installation location;
The gain of the amplifier and frequency bandwidth;
Whether cooperate with existing ae card to use, or received general data acquisition system;
Other acoustic emission technology questions
We're willing to solve all technical problems for you, at the same time at the "technology and application" section of the website is common in application of acoustic emission is introduced in detail, and maintain a weekly update frequency, welcome to browse.